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Global Journal of Biochemistry. Volume 1, Issue 1 (2010) pp. 36-67
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Review Article
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Free Article
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Value added products from hemicellulose: Biotechnological perspective
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Vishnu Menon, Gyan Prakash, Mala Rao
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Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008 India
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Abstract |
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Lignocellulosic
biomass represents a renewable, widespread and low cost source of sugars which
can be used as substrate for the production of specialilty
chemicals. Various
agricultural residues contain about 20-30% hemicellulose, the second most abundant
biopolymer found in nature. They are heterogeneous polymer of pentoses (xylose
and arabinose) hexoses (mannose, glucose and galactose) and sugar acids. Xylans is
the major component of hemicellulose and are heteropolysaccharides
with homopolymeric backbone chains of 1, 4 linked β-D-xylopyranose units. The conversion of
hemicellulose to bioethanol and other value added products is challenging problem and is foreseen to be essential for the economic
success of lignocellulosic ethanol. The xylose from the hemicellulose hydrolysate can
be fermented to ethanol / xylitol /lactic acid and other valuable products by
pentose fermenting microbes. Xylitol a non caloric sugar has important applications in pharmaceuticals and food industries due to
high sweetening power, non- and anticariogenicity property. The acid
or enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose to fermentable sugars will be outlined.
The enzymatic and fermentation routes for the conversion of hemicellulose
into useful products will be described.
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Keywords |
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Hemicellulose; Lignocellulosic biomass; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Enzymatic and fermentation routes
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